Glossar
Computer Aided Design (Computerunterstütztes Zeichnen)
Pelagische Fische der Familien der Stachelmakrelen, Bastardmakrelen und Gelbschwanzmakrelen.
Regional Fisheries Advisory Commission for the Southwest Atlantic
The main objectives are: - to develop organized approach among members for the management and regional exploitation of marine and inland fishery resources; - to encourage training and cooperative investigation. CARPAS has no regulatory powers and has been in active since 1974. http://www.fao.org/fi/body/rfb/CARPAS/carpas_mandate.htm.
Convention on Biological Diversity
The CBD is a global, comprehensive agreement addressing all aspects of biological diversity: genetic rewources, species, and ecosystems.
Council of Baltic Sea States
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
It was established mainly in response to concerns that an increase in krill catches in the Southern Ocean could have a serious effect on populations of krill and other marine life; particularly on birds, seals and fish which mainly depend on krill for food. The aim of the Convention is to conserve marine life.In the mid-1970s, it was realised that the conservation of krill was fundamental to maintaining the Antarctic marine ecosystem. Serious concerns were raised about the effective management and sustainable utilisation of Antarctic marine living resources. CCAMLR was signed in 1980 and came into force in 1982. In common with other international agreements, CCAMLR does not impose regulations, but rather attempts to reach agreement on issues which Members of the Convention are then obliged to implement.
In contrast to other multilateral fisheries conventions, CCAMLR is concerned not only with the regulation of fishing, but also has a mandate to conserve the ecosystems. This 'ecosystem approach', which considers the whole Southern Ocean to be a suite of interlinked systems, is what distinguishes CCAMLR from other multilateral fisheries conventions.
Visit CCAMLR's website for more information: http://www.ccamlr.org
CCAMLR Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management
The Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management was established in 1995 and amalgamated the existing WG Krill and WG Ecosystem Monitoring (CEMP). The objectives of WG EMM reflect a practical strategy for the implementation of the conservation principles: The prevention of decrease in the size of any harvested population to levels below those which ensure stable recruitment. The maintenance of the ecological relationships between harvested, dependent and related populations. The minimisation of the risk of changes in the marine ecosystem. In essence WG EMM is attempting to monitor food availability to predators and the food of greatest interest is krill, Euphausia superba. The main elements in monitoring krill is the abundance, distribution and population dynamics. Some of the information can be derived from the fisheries data, but regular research surveys are also necessary. German contributions to the Working Group are available through Dr. V. Siegel. Members of the Federal Research Centre for Fisheries (ISH): Dr. V. Siegel, Dr. K.-H. Kock . Visit CCAMLR's website for further information: http://www.ccamlr.org.
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (Working Group on Fish Stock Assessment)
The CCAMLR Working Group on Fish Stock Assessment (current convenor: R. Williams, Australia) was established in 1985 by the Scientific Committee. The working group assesses the state of commercially exploited fish stocks in the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean sectors (FAO Areas 48 and 58) of the Southern Ocean on an annual basis. The lack of time series in catch, effort and biological data prevents the working group from taking advantage of conventional models for stock assessment purposes which are used in other fisheries conventions worldwide. New models, such as the Generalized Yield Model (GYM), have been developed. All models developed incorporate have a low risk that stock size falls below a certain target level where recruitment is impaired. This target level is higher than used in other fisheries conventions. In its advice to the Scientific Committee, the working group follows the precautionary approach also solicited by FAO. Since 1994, work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Incidental Mortality Arising from Longline Fisheries (current convener Prof. J.P. Croxall, UK) forms part of the Working Group on Fish Stock Assessment. This subgroup assesses the impact of longline fishing of albatrosses, larger petrels and marine mammals.
German contributions to the Working Group are available through Dr. K.-H. Kock.
Members of the Federal Research Centre for Fisheries (ISH): Dr. K.-H. Kock, Dr. V. Siegel .Visit CCAMLR's website for further information: http://www.ccamlr.org
Codex Committee on Fish and Fishery Products
Commission of the European Communities; nowadays EC
Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic
The main objectives of the Committee are: - to facilitate the coordination of research and to encourage education and training, - to assist its members in an advisory management capacity in establishing rational policies to promote the rational management of resources. http://www.fao.org/fi/body/rfb/CECAF/cecaf_mandate.htm
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculutre Science, Lowestoft, UK.
Comité Européen de Normalisation, Europaen Committee for Stanardization, Europäisches Komitee für Normung.
CENSOR steht für „Klimavariabilität und El Niño-Luftdruckoszillation der Südhalbkugel: Auswirkungen auf natürliche Küstenresourcen und Management“ (Climate variability and El Niño Southern Oscillation: Implications for natural coastal Resources and management)
Eines der Hauptziele ist die Zugänglichkeit von wissenschaftlichen Daten für Forscher und andere Nutzergruppen zu verbessern:
Deutsche Meeresbiologen leiten internationales Projekt
Unter Federführung des Alfred-Wegener-Instituts für Polar- und Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven (AWI) haben Wissenschaftler von 14 Instituten aus sechs Nationen in Paracas, Peru, auf einer Tagung vom 18. bis zum 24. Oktober 2004 das EU-Projekt Censor implementiert. Ziel des Projekts ist es die Auswirkungen von Klimaschwankungen auf das küstennahe Ökosystem und die Fischerei im Humboldtstrom vor Südamerika zu analysieren. In dem interdisziplinären Projekt sind Institute aus Deutschland (neben dem Alfred-Wegener-Institut das Zentrum für Marine Tropenökologie in Bremen und das GeoForschungszentrum in Potsdam), Frankreich und Spanien sowie Partner aus Chile, Peru und Argentinien beteiligt. (Quelle: AWI)
Council of the Eastern Pacific Tuna Fishing Agreement
European Council for Nuclear Research (Conseil Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire)
Common Fisheries Policy
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
Pearsons Chi-Quadrat ist der am häufigsten verwendete Signifikanztest für Zusammenhänge zwischen kategorialen Variablen. Dieses Maß basiert auf der Tatsache, dass in einer zweidimensionalen Tabelle erwartete Häufigkeiten - d. h. Häufigkeiten, die man erwarten würde, wenn es keinen Zusammenhang zwischen den Variablen gäbe - berechnet werden können. Der Wert für Chi-Quadrat und das zugehörige Signifikanzniveau hängen von der Gesamtanzahl der Häufigkeiten und von der Anzahl der Zellen in der Tabelle ab. Es gilt, dass relativ kleine Abweichungen der relativen Häufigkeiten vom erwarteten Muster sich als signifikant herausstellen, wenn die Anzahl der Beobachtungen groß ist. Die einzige Voraussetzung bei der Verwendung des Chi-Quadrat-Tests (über die Zufallsauswahl der Stichprobe hinaus) ist die, dass die erwarteten Häufigkeiten nicht zu klein sein dürfen. Die Begründung dafür lautet, dass der Chi-Quadrat-Test in Wirklichkeit die Wahrscheinlichkeiten in jeder Zelle testet. Wenn die erwarteten Zellenhäufigkeiten dabei z. B. kleiner als 5 sind, können diese Wahrscheinlichkeiten nicht mehr mit hinreichender Genauigkeit geschätzt werden.
Labor der Commision Internationale de l’Eclairage Lab (Internationale Kommision für Beleuchtung)
Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa
The functions of the Committee are: - to promote, coordinate and assist national and regional fishery surveys and research and development programmes designed to rationally utilize inland fishery resources. - to assist Members in establishing the scientific basis for regulatory and other measures. - to assist in the development of fish culture and stock improvement. - to promote the use of the most effective fishing craft, gear and techniques. - to encourage education and training. - to assist Members in formulating programmes to help achieve the objectives referred to in the statutes. - to encourage the creation of an autonomous bodies to manage the regional fisheries resources (e.g. the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization). http://www.fao.org/fi/body/rfb/CIFA/cifa_mandate.htm
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
The Convention seeks to control the trade in species of wild animals and plants that are, or may be, threatened with extinction as a result of international trade. For purposes of the Convention, international "trade" includes the international movement of plant and animal species. Germany is represented in that organization by the Federal Ministry of the Environment and Nuclear Safety. The Institute for Sea Fisheries of the Federal Research Centre for Fisheries is not directly involved in the work of CITES. The institute contributes to the work of CITES on a case by case basis upon request by the Ministry of the Environment. Further information on CITES will be available through the Ministry of the Environment directly. Member of the Federal Research Centre for Fisheries (ISH): Dr. K.-H. Kock. Visit CITES' website for further information: www.cites.org.
Based upon a hypothesis that periods of low stability of the water column in autumn off West Greenland should parallel good cod year-classes in the following year, analysis of available time series of cod recruitment, subsurface oceanographic stability data and wind stress data off West Greenland was performed. Splitting the autumn-based oceanographic data set into a pre-1970s part (when warm climatic conditions and high recruitment prevailed), and a recent part (for the past 20 years of cooling climate) yielded significant coherence of recruitment and a period of cold environmental conditions. It was suggested that during the past 20 years, a new correlation mechanism may explain the variability of recruitment off West Greenland. Whereas during the warm period low stability of the water column led to enhanced vertical convection of the water column and hence nutritious conditions, recruitment during the cold period was mainly due to import of juvenile cod from Iceland/East Greenland by surface water drift. The latter mechanism was inferred as advective coupling instead of low stability coupling during the warm period. Members of the Federal Research Centre for Fisheries (ISH): M. Stein. Further reading: Integrating Fisheries Observations with Environmental Data - Towards a Better Understanding of the Conditions for Fish in the Sea http://www.nafo.ca/publications/journal/j23/session3/stein.pdf
Convention on Migratory Species
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (also known as CMS or Bonn Convention) aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range.
Committee on Fisheries of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N.
Committee of North Sea Senior Officials
Commission for Inland Fisheries of Latin America
The objectives of the Commission are to promote, coordinate and assist fishery and limnological surveys and programmes of research and development leading to the rational utilization of inland fishery resources; assist Member Countries in establishing the scientific basis for fishery regulatory measures; support the development of aquaculture, recreational fishing and, capture, marketing and utilization of fish; promote education and training; help member countries to formulate national and regional programmes to achieve the objectives referred to in the preceding paragraphs.
http://www.rlc.fao.org/en/organos/copescal/
Regional Fisheries Committee for the Gulf of Guinea (Comité régional des pêches du Golfe de Guinée)
The main objectives of the Convention are: - to determine a concerted attitude towards the activities of foreign fishing vessels and to give priority to the needs of the fishing vessels originating from member countries, - to harmonize Members national regulations with a view to having a unified regulation fixing the conditions of fishing and the control of fishing operations in the area covered by the Convention, - to collect the maximum scientific, technical and economic data on fishing operations. http://www.fao.org/fi/body/rfb/COREP/corep_home.htm
Russian nuclear powered satellites
Intergovernmental framework for European Co-operation in Science and Technology
COST is an intergovernmental network which is scientifically completely self-sufficient with nine scientific COST Domain Committees formed by some of the most outstanding scientists of the European scientific community. The scientific quality control is the main responsibility of the COST scientific Domain Committees which follow very rigorous evaluation procedures established by the COST Committee of Senior Officials (CSO) involving the mandatory use of external peer reviewers.
South Pacific Permanent Commission
The Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS) is the appropriate Regional Maritime Organization responsible for the coordination of the maritime policies of its Member States: Colombia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru. The Organization was established on 18 August 1952, as a result of "Declaration on the Maritime Zone" subscribed at Santiago by the Governments of Chile, Ecuador and Peru. Colombia joined the CPPS on 9 August, 1979. The CPPS is a Regional Maritime Organization and a strategic alliance in the Southeast Pacific, established to consolidate the presence of the coastal States in this important geographic zone, extend its influence to adjacent zones, and further its relationship with the Pacific Basin. The main objective of the Commission is to obtain the greatest benefits from the conservation, protection and regulation of the utilization of the natural resources off the coasts of the party States up to the 200-mile limit, including managing shared stocks in the extended zone in the areas adjacent to their respective EEZs. http://cpps-int.org/
Sub-Regional Commission on Fisheries (Commission sousrégionale des pêches)
The main objective of the Commission is to harmonize the long-term policies of member States in the preservation, conservation and exploitation of the fisheries resources for the benefit of the member States. http://www.intfish.net/orgs/fisheries/srcf.htm
CTD=Conductivity, Temperature, Depth
(deutsch: Leitfähigkeit, Temperatur, Tiefe)
Das CTD beschreibt eine Messmethode für Tiefseeuntersuchungen.
Mittels eines Dichtesensors wird die Leitfähigkeit und somit der Salzgehalt des Wassers gemessen. Das so erhaltene Vertikalprofil kann mit den durch andere Geräte erhaltenen Ergebnissen korreliert werden.
|
|
